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英语被动语态


  操作方法
  01:
  主动语态与被动语态的区别:   主语是动作的发出者为主动语态   例:He killed her(他杀了她)   主语是动作的接受者为被动语态   例:She was killed by him(她被他杀了)   被动语态的形成   在16种时态中,有几种时态没有或无法形成被动语态,因此现代英语中常用的被动语态只有10种,如下图:   02:
  分别举例说明:   一般时的被动语态   一般现在时的被动语态:主语 + be/is/sre + p.p(动词的过去分词,下同)   例:He is lovedby everyone.(他受到大家的爱戴)   例:I am askedto study hard.(我被要求努力学习)   一般过去时的被动语态:主语 + was + P.P   例:The book was written by him.(这本书是他写的)   例:He was seen dancing yesterday.(他昨天跳舞被看到了)   一般将来时的被动语态:主语 + will be +P.P   例:The naughty boy will be punished by his mother.(这个顽皮的男孩会被他妈妈惩罚)   例:He will be elected president next year.(下一年他将会被选为主席)   一般过去将来时的被动语态:主语 + would be + P.P   例:He said he would be dispatched to Syria.(他说他会被派遣到叙利亚)   03:
  进行时的被动语态   现在进行时的被动语态:主语 + be/is/are being + P.P   例:Prisoners are being judged.(犯人正在被审判)   例:My bike is being repaired. (我的自行车正在修理当中)   过去进行时的被动语态:主语 + was/were being + P.P   例:The stadium was being built that time.(那时体育场正在建设当中)   04:
  完成时的被动语态   现在完成时的被动语态:主语 + have/has been + P.P   例:This book has been translated into many languages.(这本书被翻译成很多语言)   过去完成时的被动语态:主语 + had been + P.P   例:The hostages had been released when police arrived(警察到时人质已经被释放了)   将来完成时的被动语态:主语 + will + have been + P.P   例:He will have been judged by the time you arrived.   05:
  过去将来完成时的被动语态:主语 + would have been + P.P   例:I said that some delicious sandwiches would have been made by the time we got back.(我说了我们回来时美味的三明治已经做好了)   注意:   ① 带有助动词的句子转化为被动语态时,这些助动词或情态动词要根据新主语做相应的变化,例:   主动:We shall not use the washing machine again.   被动:The washing machine will not be used again.   (洗衣机不能再用了)   ② 带有双宾语的授予动词,其被动语态有两种,当直接宾语作为主语时,间接宾语前面加上相应的介词(to/for/of/on)。例:   I gave him a book. (主动)   He was given a book by me. (被动)   A book was given to him by me.(被动)   (我给了他一本书)   06:
  那么什么情况下使用被动语态呢?
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