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六级词汇应试宝典如何应对各类词型考题


  六级考试词汇题从词性角度看主要涉及动词、名词、形容词和少量副词、短语介词和连接词。词汇题的应试应从词的词性及其搭配入手,在较长的题干中找到决定正确答案的线索和依据,从而提高命中率,缩短答题时间。
  动词题
  对于选择项为动词的词汇题,我们主要应从以下几个角度确定答题的切入点:
  1. 如果动词为不及物动词或被动语态,寻找句中该动词的主语,根据主谓的意义搭配关系确定答案。
  2. 如果动词为主动语态的及物动词,则主要应寻找句中该动词的宾语,根据动宾的语义搭配关系,一般也能非常有效地确定正确答案。
  3. 对于通过"主-谓","动-宾"关系的判断尚无法确定答案的,如是及物动词,可同时根据其主语及宾语的特点来进行判断。
  4. 如是不及物动词,则可同时根据其主语及状语修饰语来进行判断。
  5. 除了动词与主、宾及状语的搭配之外,六级考题中还有相当一部分动词词汇题可通过空档后与动词搭配的介词来确定。
  6. 还有一类动词题,如考生对某些动词的句型搭配(Verb Pattern)比较熟悉的话,则也可以非常容易地根据其常用句型搭配来选取答案。
  ·【词汇宝典】六级考试常考搭配全攻略
  例1.Mike just discovered that his passport had_____three months ago.
  A. abolished B. expired C. ended D. constrained
  本题根据选择项动词的主语passport(护照),可立即确定答案为B(过期)。
  例2.Although there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire, we can report that the rebellion has in the main been_____.
  A. canceled B. destroyed C. suppressed D. restrained
  本题找到了主语"the rebellion"(起义、暴动),即可知答案为C(被镇压)。
  例3.Since the two countries couldn’t_____their differences,they decided to stop their negotiations.
  A. rectify B. oblige C. reconcile D. obscure
  本例中,由宾语their differences(分歧),即可知答案为 C. reconcile (调和、调解)。
  例4.When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question_____a variety of answers.
  A. defies B. magnifies C. mediates D. evokes
  本题中,仅根据宾语a variety of answers或主语the question,则无法确定该选哪个动词,但三者结合起来考虑,答案 D. evokes 便显而易见。
  例5.On turning the corner, we saw the road_____steeply.
  A. departing B. depressing C. decreasing D. descending
  例中,由主语road,再加上后续副词steeply即可明确答案为 D. descending.
  例6.All individuals are required to_____to the laws made by their governments.
  A. obey B. conform C. comply D. observe
  本题中虽然四个选择项均有"服从、遵守"之意,但根据后续介词to,即可找到答案为B。
  例7.His argument does not suggest that mankind can_____to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.
  A. resort B. grant C. afford D. entitle
  题中四个动词的常用句型分别是:resort to (doing) sth.; grant(同意给予)sb. sth.或grant(承认) sb. that 从句;afford (to do) sth.和entitle sb.to (do) sth.由此可知答案必然为C。
  例8.He would it that his son took a livelier interest in politics.
  A. see into B. see through C. see about D. see to
  根据题干空缺后的it that…,考生立刻就能想到有关动词see 有see (to it) that这一句型搭配,故答案为D。
  名词题
  对于选择项为名词的词汇题,我们同样可从其与句中其它成分的搭配关系入手,迅速确定答案。只是对于名词来说,它主要有与前面动词的搭配即动宾关系,与后面动词的搭配即主谓关系、与前后作定语的修饰成分的搭配及与后续修饰短语的搭配等。
  1. 根据前面的动词来确定需选的名词。
  2. 如果选择项的名词在句中处于主语的位置,则可根据后面的谓语动词来判断正确答案。
  3. 如果空档处的名词前有定语修饰,则常可仅根据该修饰搭配关系确定正确答案。
  4. 有时,也可根据所选名词的后续修饰搭配关系来确定正确答案,这类后续修饰成分包括一般的介词短语或定语从句等。
  5. 有时,后续的介词是与名词的固定搭配。这时确定哪个是正确答案就更为容易。
  6. 还有的时候,名词的后续修饰成份是某些名词特有的动词不定式短语或同位语从句。
  7. 有些名词题涉及与该名词有关的成语,是某一固定成语的一部分,考生只要熟悉该成语,选取答案非常简单。
  例1.I think that I committed a_____in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.
  A. blunder B. revenge C. reproach D. scandal
  本题的四个选项中,只有 A. blunder能与动词commit搭配。又如下例中与动词make搭配的只有 D. distinction。
  例2.We should make a clear____between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.
  A. separation B. discrimination C. deviation D. distinction
  例3.The West is traditionally the land of the pioneers and the cowboys where____could be easily made in cattle or land.
  A. fortunes B. property C. opportunities D. treasure
  本例中,正确答案为 A. fortunes与作谓语的could be made构成搭配,意为"发大财,赚大钱"。
  例4.Stop shouting. I can’t hear the football____.
  A. judgement B. interpretation C. commentary D. explanation
  本题中,根据football即可选 C. commentary,意为"足球比赛的解说"。
  例5.In the Spring Export Commodities Fair the____of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world.
  A. succession B. array C. string D. procession
  题中,根据of fine china(瓷器),当选 B. array为正确答案,表示"一大批排放整齐的精制瓷器";而 A. succession表示"一个紧跟着一个的一列";C. string表示"一串";D. procession则表示"队伍的一列"。
  例6.Some fish have a greater____for acid water than others.
  A. tolerance B. resistance C. dependence D. persistence
  题中四个名词分别有各自特定的介词搭配:tolerance for、resistance to、dependence on和persistence in,由此即可知答案为A。
  例7.It is very strange but I had an____that the plane would crash.
  A. inspiration B. intuition C. imagination D. incentive
  题中,只有intuition(直觉),能接同位语从句,故答案自然是B。
  例8.They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour, but still could make____of them.
  A. impression B. comprehension C. meaning D. sense
  题中make sense of 是一成语,意为"弄懂、理解",虽然B. comprehension和C. meaning的有"理解"、"意思"等义,但都不与make搭配,不能选。
  形容词题
  形容词主要用以修饰名词,所以对于选择项为形容词的词汇题,我们首先要找到与该形容词相关的名词,从两者的语义搭配关系入手。
  1. 如果空缺处形容词位于名词前作定语,则可根据该名词来确定需选的形容词。
  2. 如果空缺处形容词充当句子表语,则它所修饰的名词即为句子的主语,当根据作主语的名词来确定正确答案。
  3. 有时,形容词题也可根据其后面的介词搭配或特殊句型来确定正确答案。
  例1.Some criminals were printing____dollar bills until they were arrested.
  A. decent B. fake C. patent D. suspicious
  这里,用以修饰dollar bills 的只有B. fake(假的、伪造的)。
  例2.Some children display an____curiosity about every new thing they encounter.
  A. incredible B. infectious C. incompatible D. inaccessible
  题中,四个选择项的词义分别为"不可思议的"、"传染的"、"不可兼容的"和"不可到达的",根据名词curiosity(好奇的),当选A。
  例3.His body temperature has been____for 3 days,the highest point reaching 40.5℃.
  A.uncommonB.disorderedC.abnormalD.extraordinary
  本题中主语"body temperature(体温)",只有"正常——normal"与"不正常——abnormal"之分,故正确答案非常明显,为C。
  例4.Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was____in tropical countries.
  A.prospectiveB.prevalentC.provocativeD.perpetual
  本题中,与空缺处相对的主语是this kind of eye disease,可知答案只能是B.prevalent(流行的),而不可能是"预期的(A)"、"挑衅/逗的(C)"或"永恒的(D)"。
  例5.Although cats cannot see in complete darkness their eyes are much more____to light than are human eyes.
  A.glowingB.brilliantC.sensitiveD.gloomy
  本例中,根据to light即可知答案为C.sensitive(对光敏感的)。
  副词题
  副词题相对较少。副词主要用以修饰动词或形容词,我们自然应从被它修饰的动词或形容词入手,来确定可能的答案。
  1.根据由空缺处副词修饰的动词,来确定正确答案。
  2.如果空缺处的副词用以修饰后面的形容词,则该形容词的语义在确定答案时往往起着关键性作用。
  例1.Some people either____avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.
  A.violentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.sincerelyD.deliberately
  题中,能修饰动词avoid的副词最有可能的是D.deliberately(故意地)。
  例2.These areas rely on____agriculture almost,having few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial development.
  A.respectivelyB.extraordinarilyC.incrediblyD.exclusively
  本题中,四个副词"分别地"、"异乎寻常地"、"不可思议地"和"惟一地"之中,只有D修饰rely on比较合适。
  例3.Although the national government has introduces some new laws on this subject, it is the state governments that are____responsible for pollution control.
  A.preciselyB.primarilyC.progressivelyD.preliminarily
  同样,本题中应当是"由政府主要负责污染的控制",即答案为B。 A."精确地"、C."渐进地"和D."初步地"均不能修饰"负责"。
  短语题
  六级词汇题中还有为数不少的短语类试题,对于这类试题的解答,主要根据该短语的句法功能确定所分属的词类,然后再根据上述四大词类的不同解题方法解答即可。
  1.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens,set to____when it arrived in New York.
  A.go offB.get offC.come offD.carry off
  本题选项为短词动词,在句法功能上为不及物动词,根据其逻辑主语a bomb,可知答案为 A.go off(爆炸)。
  2.Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were____.
  A.in no wayB.on the contraryC.at a lossD.of no avail
  本例中四个选项为介词短语,根据句法功能作表语,相当于形容词,根据其对应的主语"attempts"可知答案为D.of no avail(徒劳的)。
  专家点拨
  短语中还有一类不属于上述四大实词类的连接性短语介词,对于解答这一类试题,一定要在理解空缺前后逻辑关系的基础上,才能较有把握地选定正确答案。
  例1.The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only liarity with technology.
  A.in quest ofB.by means ofC.in terms ofD.by virtue of
  题中B和D为同义,均表示"通过",D又有"由于"之意,A为"寻找",C为"根据"。根据题意,对年轻人喜欢立体声这一现象的解释,只能"根据"他对立体声技术的熟知程度来进行,故答案为C。
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