超精读分析四级真题阅读一篇

　　Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to ＂light＂ beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.
　　In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts; for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. ＂Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,＂ says York Onnen, program director of the President＂s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
　　Still, exercise＂s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
　　If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year＂s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
　　参考译文
　　运动是少数几项在长期保持体重上扮演着积极角色的因素之一。然而不幸的是，这一理念却未能被普通美国人所了解。这些人宁愿尝试选择清淡啤酒和低热量的面包，也不愿增加体能的消耗。例如，美国疾病控制中心研究发现，在力图减肥的人群中，不到1/4的人将运动和节食结合了起来。
　　在拒绝运动的过程中，一些人或许是因为热量消耗图表而被大大的挫伤了信心。例如，一个人必须要轻快的行走3英里，仅仅来消耗由一块可口的丹麦小甜饼所产生的275卡热量。甚至就连专业的运动人士对此也不得不部分地承认。＂运动本身就是一种很困难的减肥方法。＂美国总统身体健康和运动委员会的项目主管，约克·昂尼说。
　　然而，运动对减肥的辅助作用仍然是至关重要的。一份由波士顿大学医学中心所做的对过胖的干警和其他的公职人员的研究证实，那些只节食而不运动的人几乎完全恢复了原有的体重，而那些将运动列入了日常工作的人则保持了新的重量。
　　如果你经常坐着缺乏运动，现在决定开始每天步行一英里，这增添的运动量每天可以额外燃烧100卡的热量。在一年之内，假如进食量不增加的话，你可以减10磅。通过逐渐增加步行的距离以及做些饮食方面的调整，你甚至可以减得更多。
　　超精读分析
　　26. What is said about the average American in the passage？文中对普通美国人的描述是
　　A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of ＂light＂ beer 他们倾向于夸大淡啤（酒精含量低的）有益健康的功效。
　　文中说average American would rather try switching to ＂light＂ beer，是说他们不运动而仅仅依靠淡啤和一向低热量的食物来减肥， ＂light＂ beer和low-calorie bread成了他们减肥的last resort，他们并没有刻意夸大淡啤的功效。
　　B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight 他们总是忽视运动对于减肥的作用
　　此项正确。通读第一段，运动减肥的概念has not gotten through to the average American（并不为普通美国人所了解），他们只通过控制饮食的摄入来减肥，而不愿combine exercise with their diet，可见他们忽视了运动在减肥中的作用。
　　C) They prefer ＂light＂ beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.他们更喜欢清淡啤酒和低热量的面包，而不喜欢其他的饮食。文中举＂light＂ beer和low-calorie bread，旨在说这些人prefer低热量的事物to运动，而不是题中prefer淡啤和低热量面包to其他食物。
　　D) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.他们了解在控制体重上（=losing weight)起积极作用的因素。
　　通读全文，what plays a positive role in losing weight is exercise，他们却只节食不运动，显然对减肥中的积极因素不清楚。
　　27. Some people dislike exercise because 一些人不喜欢运动是因为
　　A) they think it is physically exhausting他们觉得运动太消耗体力了。
　　这是这篇文章里很有迷惑性的选项。诚然，运动的确很消耗体力，令人精疲力竭，文中也说到了Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight。然而仅仅是消耗体力就让他们讨厌运动了？题中的some people=第二段中reject exercise的some people，从文中可知，他们是一群正在减肥(one a diet)却又被运动减肥的方法折磨的够呛的人，这从discouraged和would have to walk可以看出来。所以他们不喜欢运动的原因显然是减肥时需要运动（exercise while on a diet)，换句话说，也就是运动减肥太难了(hard)。B)项they find it hard to exercise while on a diet正是此意。小小一个hard涵盖各个方面，可以指体力上的折磨，精神上的痛苦，etc,远比physically exhausting可以表达的意思多。what＂s more，更重要的是， exercise while on a diet,要他们减肥的时候运动，也就是通过运动来减肥，才是他们对运动产生了反感的原因。或许一除开减肥，他们中还有喜欢bowling,golf,tennis什么的，谁说胖子就一定不喜欢运动了.
　　C) they don＂t think it possible to walk 3 miles every day 他们觉得每天步行3英里是不可能的事。
　　对这些胖子来说，或许是有点难度，不过hard归hard，希望总还是有的。即使这样，跟他们不喜欢运动又有什么关系？3英里不成，2英里他们就喜欢了？
　　D) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome 他们觉得查阅热量消耗图很麻烦。文中只说了胖子们被热量消耗表上要求的天文数字般的运动量所打击，并没有说他们觉得查表很麻烦。
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