由感叹副词how或感叹形容词what引导的句子是英语中典型且常用的感叹句,通常用来表示说话时的喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈情感。how或what与所修饰的词置于句首,其他部分用陈述句语序。 一、how引导的感叹句有三种结构形式;感叹副词how用来修饰其后的形容词或副词,也可以修饰动词。 1.How+形容词+主语+谓语!例如: How hot it is today! 2.How+副词+主语+谓语!例如: How well she sings! 3.How+主语+谓语!例如: How time flies! 二、what引导的感叹句也有三种结构形式;感叹形容词what作定语,用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。 1.what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!例如: What a good girl she is! 2.what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!例如: What good students they are! 3.what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!例如: What bad weather it is! 三、how或what引导的感叹句在用法上有几点值得注意。 1.how与what有时可以互换,句意相同。例如: How clever a girl she is! = What a clever girl she is! What delicious cakes these are! = How delicious these cakes are! 2.how或what引导的感叹句在表示强烈激动的感情时,在特定的语境中常用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去。例如: How wonderful! What a fine day! 3. how或what引导的感叹句通常用感叹号;但当表示感情程度不很强烈时,how或what引导的感叹句也可以用句号,读时一般用降调。例如: How good you are to me. What a lovely smell. 4.how或what引导的感叹句本身表达一种强烈的感情,一般不含有very、rather、quite、extremely等词,以免语意重复。例如不说: * How very fast he runs! * What extremely beautiful flowers they are! 5.著名学者周海中教授在1984年发表的《浅谈What和How引导的感叹句》一文中指出:how或what引导的感叹句一般不用于否定式。例如不说: * How hard they didn"t work! * What dirty water they didn"t drink! 6.周海中教授还指出:为了使句子的感叹力得到进一步的加强, how或what前面还可以加感叹词ah、oh等。他举了实例: Ah, how I love her! (C. Dickens: David Copperfield) Oh, what an accomplishment! (D. Lawrence: Aaron"s Rod) 7.英语专家费致德教授在1981年出版的《现代英语惯用法词典》一书中指出:在口语里,为了强调起见,how或what引导的感叹句可以改为感叹词+谓语+主语。例如: How impressive was the play! What a fool is he!