forward是什么意思（backward是什么意思）

　　1. [2018·全国卷Ⅰ] To avoid knee pain, you can run onsoft surfaces, do exercises to (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and getgood running shoes.
　　2. [2017·全国卷Ⅲ] She is determined to carry on with her(educate).
　　3. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ] This development was only possible with the(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
　　4. [2017·全国卷Ⅰ] However, be(care) not to go to extremes.
　　5. [2016·浙江卷自选模块] I deeply respect her (determine)and ability to stand up for herself, and I am grateful to have such a positiverole model.
　　构词法归纳复习
　　考点一合成法
　　规则复合名词的主要构成方式
　　名词 名词
　　silkworm蚕;classroom教室
　　形容词 名词
　　double-dealer两面派
　　v.-ing 名词
　　swimming pool游泳池
　　动词 名词
　　breakwater防波堤;pickpocket扒手
　　名词 v.-ing
　　handwriting笔迹
　　动词 副词
　　get-together联欢会;breakthrough突破
　　副词 动词
　　downfall垮台;outbreak爆发
　　规则复合形容词的主要构成方式
　　形容词 名词 -ed
　　cold-blooded冷酷的
　　形容词 名词
　　high-class高级的
　　形容词 v.-ing
　　easy-going随和的
　　形容词 过去分词
　　newborn新生的
　　形容词 形容词
　　bitter-sweet甜中有苦的
　　名词 v.-ing
　　life-saving救生的
　　名词 过去分词
　　handmade手工制作的
　　名词 形容词
　　nationwide全国性的
　　数词 名词 ed
　　one-sided片面的
　　数词 名词 形容词
　　five-year-old五周岁的
　　规则复合动词的主要构成方式
　　名词 动词
　　sleepwalk梦游
　　副词 动词
　　overcome克服;undergo经历
　　形容词 动词
　　blacklist列入黑名单
　　考点二转化法
　　名词转化为动词
　　face脸—face面对
　　形容词转化为动词
　　dirty脏的—dirty弄脏
　　动词转化为名词
　　design 设计—design图案
　　形容词转化为名词
　　daily每日的—daily日报
　　形容词转化为副词
　　deep深的—deep深深地
　　考点三派生法
　　规则前缀构词法
　　前缀
　　例词
　　dis(不,否定)
　　dissatisfy使不满意;dishonest不诚实
　　un(不)
　　unable不能够;unlucky不幸的
　　un(做相反动作)
　　undress脱衣服;unload卸货
　　in(不,非)
　　inactive不活跃的;incorrect不正确的
　　im(不,非)
　　impolite没有礼貌的
　　ir(不,非)
　　irregular不规则的
　　il(不,非)
　　illogical不合逻辑的;illegal非法的
　　non(不,非)
　　non-existent不存在的
　　mis(错误的)
　　misunderstand误解;misfortune厄运
　　re(重复,再)
　　rewrite重写;remarry再婚
　　en(使)
　　enrich丰富;enable使能够
　　ex(以前的)
　　ex-wife前妻super(在……上面;
　　超级)supermarket超市;
　　supermodel超级名模
　　under(在……之下)underestimate低估;
　　underground地下的sub(在……下;次于;
　　低于)subway地铁;
　　submarine潜艇
　　inter(相互之间)international国际的;
　　interact相互作用
　　semi(半)
　　semi-final半决赛;semicircle半圆
　　multi(多)
　　multinational跨国的
　　(续表)
　　前缀
　　例词
　　kilo(千)kilometre千米,公里;
　　kilogram千克
　　centi(百分之一)
　　centimetre厘米;centigram厘克
　　milli(千分之一)
　　millimetre毫米;milligram毫克
　　tele(远)
　　telephone电话;television电视a(在……上/
　　里;向……)aboard在船/火车/飞机上;
　　ahead在前面;
　　aside在旁边;abroad在国外
　　auto(自己的,独自的)automobile机动车,汽车;
　　autobiography自传
　　over(太)
　　overfull太满的,过多的
　　extra(额外)
　　extraordinary非凡的
　　pre(预先)
　　predict预告;preview预习
　　规则后缀构词法
　　(1)名词后缀
　　后缀
　　例词
　　age(状态;集合)
　　shortage缺少;marriage婚姻
　　an/ian(人,……家)American美国人;
　　Australian澳大利亚人ence/ency(构成
　　抽象名词)
　　dependence依靠;frequency频率
　　ance(性质,状态)
　　importance重要性
　　ant/ent(人)
　　assistant助手;student学生cion/sion/tion/ation
　　(动作,状态)suspicion怀疑;tension紧张;
　　repetition重复ee(动作承受者或
　　受影响者)
　　employee受雇者;refugee难民
　　er/or(人或物)
　　writer作家;actor演员
　　ess(女性)actress女演员;waitress女服务员;
　　hostess女主人
　　ism(主义,……教)
　　communism共产主义
　　ist(……主义者,……家)
　　communist共产主义者
　　ment(行为;结果;状态;性质)
　　argument争论;government政府;development发展
　　ship(关系,身份)
　　friendship友谊
　　hood(身份;性质)
　　childhood童年
　　ty(状态;性质)
　　anxiety焦虑
　　ure(结果;行为;状态;实物)
　　pressure压力;picture图画;pleasure高兴
　　al(动作过程;结果)
　　arrival到达;approval同意
　　(2)形容词后缀
　　后缀
　　例词
　　al
　　national国家的;continental大陆的
　　ed
　　learned有学识的;talented有才华的
　　en
　　golden金色的;wooden木制的
　　ful
　　beautiful美丽的;useful有用的
　　ic/ical
　　economic经济的;political政治的
　　ish
　　childish幼稚的;selfish自私的
　　ive
　　creative有创造力的
　　less
　　useless无用的;careless粗心的
　　ly
　　friendly友好的;deadly致命的
　　ous
　　dangerous危险的;glorious光荣的
　　ward
　　downward向下的
　　y
　　rainy多雨的;noisy吵闹的
　　(3)动词后缀
　　后缀
　　例词
　　en(使变得)
　　deepen加深
　　fy(使……化)
　　simplify简化ize/ise(使……
　　变成……)realize实现;
　　industrialize使工业化
　　(4)副词后缀
　　后缀
　　例词
　　ly
　　carefully小心地;beautifully美丽地;quickly迅速地
　　ward(s)
　　forward(s)向前;backward(s)向后
　　Ⅰ.单句填空
　　1. In a good (marry),both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.
　　2. In a (danger)part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to look for adolphin.
　　3. Teachers musttry their best to make most of their students (interest)in the subject.
　　4. When Chinas ancientscientific and technological (achieve) arementioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
　　5. To most youngchildren, being laughed at by others is a(n) (pleasant)experience.
　　6. It wasimportant for you to (write) the essay topolish it according to the editors suggestion.
　　7. The parentswere shocked by the news that their son needed an (operate)on his knee.
　　8. Wherever theywent, they were (close)followed by security men.
　　9. There must besomething (serious)wrong with our society.
　　10. Peoplecertainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one importantthing to know is, no knowledge is (use).
　　11. The reporthas a detailed (describe)of what happened yesterday.
　　12. I followedher to the railway station and then she (appear) suddenly.
　　13. He hardlyever exercises. So he is kind of(health).
　　14. His teachertook a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked himvery much for the sweet water.
　　15. (fail)is such a common matter that every one of us may meet it from time to time.
　　Ⅱ.单句改错
　　1.The fruits aresmall in size, but juicy and taste.
　　2.We are growingwonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
　　3.The teachershere are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also ourfriends.
　　4.No one in thecarriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.
　　5.That is toomuch for us, considering how closely the houses are.
　　Ⅲ.语法填空
　　The ＂Beginning of Summer＂ (Lixia) is the 1.(seven) of the 24 solar terms, falling on May 5 this year on the Gregoriancalendar. After the ＂Beginning of Summer＂, trees put out2.(leaf), crops grow fast, the heat of summer approaches and farmers are verybusy.
　　People 3.(attach) great importance to the ＂Beginning of Summer＂ since ancient times. Itis 4.vital moment in the agricultural cycle. It 5.(record) that in the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC—221BC) the emperor would take histop civil and military officials to the outskirts of the capital on this day 6.(welcome) summer. He 7. also send otherofficials to encourage farmers to get on with their farm work.
　　As summer 8.(gradual) permeates the air, temperatures rise and hours of daylight lengthen.In towns, people cantwait to dress 9.(they)in their summer clothes, while in the countryside, farmers busythemselves clearing out their barns 10. the summer harvestapproaches. In southern China, farmers plant different kinds of vegetables inthe fields.