摘要:写作能力是学生认知能力、思考能力和文字运用能力的综合反映。写作能全面反映学生对英语知识的掌握、应用程度。依据《普通高中英语课程标准》, 高中英语教学要着重培养学生语言的综合运用能力,写作能力既然是学生的综合运用能力的重要部分。尤其是实施新课程改革后,高考加大了对写作的考查比重,写作在英语教学中显得更加重要,提高学生的写作能力也更为迫切。但在实际教学中,英语写作能力一直是学生的弱项,这己成为老师们的共识。学生的英语写作能力普遍很差,主要体现在书面表达中语法错误多,且学生对传统写作教授方法不感兴趣。我在多年的写作教学中发现,学生作文在语法方面还存在不少简单的低级的错误。虽然学生在做语法选择题或填空题时可以做到错误很少,但在写作中语法错误却比比皆是,这是因为在高中英语教学中,语法讲练课上,老师往往采用单选题、填空题等形式来训练巩固学生对语法的掌握,很少在语法课上将写作训练融入其中。在教学实践中我体会到尝试利用语法训练中先进行相关句子的翻译练习,进而过渡到段落和语篇写作练习,以此来训练并提高学生的写作能力是一个很有效地减少学生语法错误的好方法。 关键词:语法讲练;写作训练 下面我以高中阶段的几个典型语法项目为例,谈谈在语法讲练中融入写作训练的范例。 范例一:在定语从句中讲练中训练学生的写作能力 对于定语从句这个语法项目,在进行了充分地讲解与填空题、选择题等方式的训练之后,就可以先进行句子翻译练习,让学生尝试运用定语从句的相关知识翻译下列句子。 ①我仍然记得我刚进入高中的那一个学期. ②班主任老师耐心地和我交谈,这使我感到很温暖很舒服。 ③我逐渐学会了交朋友,和他们积极参加各种各样的活动。 ④我非常感谢这些活动,在活动中我学会了合作和宽容。 ⑤我喜欢打篮球,在那段时间,我逐渐克服了孤独,融入了班集体。 ⑥起初,我的英语很差,这使我及其失望。 ⑦老师耐心地给我提供合适的英语学习方法,在她的帮助下,我取得了快速的进步。 ⑧令我高兴的是,老师还推荐我组织了一次班会,在班会上向同学们介绍经验。 ⑨象我们所期待的那样,班会获得了很大成功。 ⑩正像谚语所说,有志者事竟成 The key: ①I still remember the first term when I stepped into my senior high school. ②My head teacher talked with me patiently, which made me warm and comfortable. ③ I gradually learned to make new friends, with whom I took an active part in varieties of activities ④I was grateful to the activities, where I learned to be cooperative and tolerant . ⑤ I liked playing basketball, during which time I got over my loneliness and fitted into my new class. ⑥At the very beginning, I was quite poor in English, which made me extremely disappointed. ⑦My teacher offered me proper approaches to leaning English with patience,with whose help, I made rapid progress. ⑧To my great joy, my teacher recommended me to organize a class meeting,where I introduced my experience to my classmates. ⑨As we had expected, the class meeting enjoyed great success. ⑩Just as the saying goes,where there is a will ,there is a way. 学生学会了单句翻译之后,就可以设计情境进行语篇写作训练。例如可以给出下面的作文场景设置,让学生进行写作。定语从句语篇写作范例: 回顾刚进高一时,你很难适应高中生活,英语也很差,但经过这一年,在班主任和英语老师的帮助下,你融入了高中生活,而且英语进步很大。请就此写一篇日记,表达对老师的感谢。 我仍然记得我刚进入高中的那一个学期,一开始,我很难适应高中生活。班主任老师耐心地和我交谈,这使我感到很温暖很舒服。我逐渐学会了交朋友,和他们积极参加各种各样的活动。我非常感谢这些活动,在活动中我学会了合作和宽容。我喜欢打篮球,在那段时间,我逐渐克服了孤独,融入了班集体。所以我很感谢我的班主任。 我还要感谢我的英语老师。起初,我的英語很差,这使我及其失望。老师耐心地给我提供合适的英语学习方法,在她的帮助下,我取得了快速的进步。而且,上学期我在英语比赛中获得了一等奖,这使我非常自豪。令我高兴的是,老师还推荐我组织了一次班会,在班会上向同学们介绍经验。象我们所期待的那样,班会获得了很大成功。 正是老师的帮助和鼓励使我取得了如此快速的进步。现在的我更加自信。正像谚语所说,有志者事竟成。我相信只要我坚持努力,我就会实现被一所名校录取的梦想。 在学生完成写作任务之后,可以向学生提供范文,让学生对照修改。以下是提供给学生的一篇作文范文:(下划线部分就是定语从句在语篇写作中的运用) I still remember the first term when I stepped into my senior high school. At first I found it hard to adapt to the new life in senior high. My head teacher talked with me patiently,which made me warm and comfortable. I gradually learned to make new friends, with whom I took an active part in varieties of activities.I was grateful to the activities, where I learned to be cooperative and tolerant . I liked playing basketball, during which time I got over my loneliness and fitted into my new class. Thus Im full of gratitude to my head teacher. Id like to express my appreciations to my English teacher as well .At the very beginning, I was quite poor in English,which made me extremely disappointed. My teacher offered me proper approaches to leaning English with patience, with whose help, I made rapid progress. Whats more , I won the first prize in the English contest last term,of which I felt proud .To my great joy, my teacher recommended me to organize a class meeting ,where I introduced my experience to my classmates. As we had expected, the class meeting enjoyed great success. It is my teachers help and encouragement that makes me make such rapid progress. Now, Im a senior 2 student and Im more confident .Just as the saying goes,where there is a will ,there is a way. Im convinced that I can achieve my dream of being admitted to a key university as long as I insist on making every effort. (用了10个定语从句) 范例二:在状语从句中讲练中训练学生的写作能力。对于状语从句这个语法项目,主要是通过选择题和填空题训练每个连词的用法,在学生充分掌握了每个连词的语法之后,就可以融入作文的训练。 首先还是翻译句子练习:①直到我读了你的信后才知道真相, 因为自从我们分开就没再见到彼此了;②既然我们都很忙,我不得不给你写封短信了;③你尽管很努力工作, 但是仍没有得到提升(promote),这并不表明你表现不好;④无论发生什么事情, 我们都不应该失去信心;⑤事实上,你越努力工作, 你得到的会越多;⑥随着时间的流逝, 我们应对自己周围的事物有一个更好的理解。 The key:①Not until I read your letter did I know the truth, for we havent seen each other since we parted.②Now that we are all busy,I just have to drop a few lines to you. ③You were not promoted although you worked hard,\\hard as you work, which didnt show you didnt perform well. ④So whatever happens,we shouldnt lose heart. ⑤In fact, the harder you work, the more you will get.⑥As time goes by, we should have a better understanding of things around us. 接着是状语从句语篇运用训练: 微段落写作,根据汉译提示完成短文,尽可能使用状语从句。 Jane 的朋友Alice来信说,她因为没有得到提升而感到灰心丧气.假如你是Jane,请给 Alice写一回信,内容包括: 直到我读了你的信后才知道真相, 因为自从我们分开就没再见到彼此了;既然我们都很忙, 我不得不给你写封短信了;你尽管很努力工作, 但是仍没得到提升,这并不表明你表现不好;无论发生什么事情,我们都不应该失去信心;事实上, 你越努力工作, 你得到的会越多;隨着时间的流逝,我们应对自己周围的事物有一个更好的理解. 范例三:在倒装句中讲练中训练学生的写作能力:①只有用这种方式,你才能解决这个问题。②只有用这种方式,我们才能保护水源免遭污染。③只有你采纳这些建议,你才能适应新的班级。④只有通过努力学习,我们才能实现我们的梦想。⑤只有经过努力,我们才能被重点大学录取。⑥他不但给我钱,而且还常鼓励我专注于学习。⑦尽管他很失望,但他没有放弃。 The key:① Only in this way can we solve the problem.②Only in this way can we protect water from being polluted.③Only if you adopt the advice can you adapt yourself to the new class.④Only by studying hard can we realize our dream.⑤Only by great efforts can we be admitted to a key university.⑥Not only did he give me money, but also he often encouraged me to concentrate on my study.⑦ Disappointed as he was, he didnt give up. 一句话,句式,点亮整个作品!高中英语写作练习,应该突出训练语法、用词等语言形式的正确性。教师在语法讲解和训练的基础上,应指导学生进行先进行句子翻译练习,之后过渡到段落和语篇写作,以训练学生语言形式在语篇层次上的正确性。尽管在语法训练中渗透写作指导和训练,控制了学生的写作过程,但是这样的训练方法实现了语法学习与写作练习的相得益彰,提高了实效。经过长期锻炼,学生的写作能力一定会得到实实在在的提高。