通过音乐疗愈

　　2月1日认识自我——音乐治疗工作坊即将开始，感兴趣的朋友很多，那么真正了解音乐治疗的有多少呢？
　　你知道音乐如何疗愈我们的身心灵么？听听音乐疗法的创始人波克丽教授的说法吧~
　　December 6, 2010
　　2010年月12月6日
　　1.Q. As chairperson and founder of the music therapy department at Berklee College of Music, would you explain what music therapy is?
　　问：作为波克丽音乐学院音乐治疗系的主任和音乐疗法的创始人，您可以解释一下什么是音乐疗法么？
　　A.Music therapy is the functional use of music to bring about change in mind, body, and spirit.
　　答：音乐疗法是将音乐应用于身体机能，从而改变我们的身心灵的状态。
　　2.Q.What has been your role in the field?
　　问：你在这一领域都作了哪些事情？
　　A. I hope I’ve been instrumental in guiding the profession toward a science, an evidence-base for our practice. My background — including having a postdoc in geropsychology [the psychology of older adults] from StanfordMedicalSchool — helped me bring some credibility to the profession through my research and those of my colleagues. I hope I’ve contributed to the field in marrying the practices of music and medicine in particular.
　　答：我希望我在引导这一学科在实践中朝着科学和以事实为依据的方向发展起到了一定的作用。我的专业背景——其中包括具备斯坦福医学院老年心理学（有关老年人的心理学）的博士后学位——帮助我通过自己和同事们的研究为这一学科增加了可信度。我希望我特别是在音乐和医学结合的实践上做出了一点贡献。
　　3.Q. How does music therapy work?
　　问：音乐治疗是怎样起作用的呢？
　　A. Music is often something that brings out long-term memories and well-practiced skills, so that people who haven’t spoken in years will often begin to sing along to a song they know well. Or when introduced to an instrument they once played, they can perform beautifully. And with very rhythmic music, we can energize people who are otherwise very lethargic or depressed, and we can relax people who are hyperactive or who are highly stressed.
　　答：音乐通常会唤起人们长期的记忆和熟练的技巧，因此那些很多年都不说话的人通常会跟着他们熟悉的歌曲唱起来，或者当他们拿到一个曾经演奏过的乐器时，他们能够演奏得很好。此外，任何有节奏的乐曲，都能让没精打采或抑郁消沉的人重新振奋起来，音乐还能让过度兴奋或高度紧张的人放松下来。
　　4.Q. Do you think humans are meant to be musical, that music is a hard-wired skill?
　　问：您认为人类注定是具有音乐性的么？人类天生就是与音乐相通的么？
　　A. There’s more and more evidence to that effect. Music is something that permeates almost every area of the brain from the frontal lobe that analyzes and discriminates between different kinds of music, to the occipital lobe in the back of the brain that processes images when we close our eyes and music takes us to a beautiful place. And of course the limbic system is very active with emotion changes and associations that are deeply embedded in who we are. We’re also very musical human beings — our heart rate, our gait, our circulation, our breathing is all very rhythmic. So, we are music, we create music very naturally out of our own rhythms and cycles.
　　越来越多的证据证明确实如此。音乐能够渗透到大脑的每一个区域，从分析和辨别各种不同音乐的的额叶（译注：额叶是大脑发育中最高级的部分,包括初级运动区、前运动区和前额叶。负责思维、演算，与个体的需求和情感相关。这一部分对音乐敏感度非常高），到大脑后部处理图像的枕叶（译注：枕叶位于小脑之上大脑后端，负责语言、动作感觉、抽象概念及视觉，枕叶受损时会发生视觉障碍，并出现记忆缺陷和运动知觉障碍等症状），当我们闭上眼睛的时候，音乐会将我们带到美妙的境地。当然，还有大脑边缘系统（译注：大脑边缘系统主要与长期记忆、情绪等有关，根据《FBI教你破解身体语言》，人在压力下下意识的行为和动作主要是由大脑边缘系统支配的），这个系统和情绪的变化及心灵深处的感觉密切相关。而且，我们的身体也是非常具有音乐性的——我们的心率、步态、循环、呼吸，都是非常有节奏的。所以，我们就是音乐，我们从我们的自身的节奏和循环中自然的创造着音乐。
　　5.Q. You’ve written a new book, ＂Manage Your Stress and Pain Through Music.’’ How can people use music to reduce their stress?
　　问：你写了一本新书，名字叫：通过音乐缓解你的压力和痛苦，那么人们怎样用音乐来减轻压力呢？
　　A. Things like taking a moment to listen to your favorite piece of music and letting it take you to a place far away that’s warm, beautiful, that brings back wonderful memories, perhaps the presence of loved ones, or some beautiful place in nature.
　　答：花一点时间听听你喜欢的音乐，让它把你带到一个温暖而美丽的遥远之地，重温你美好的回忆，或许还能见到你珍爱的人，抑或大自然中的风景胜地。
　　6.Q. What music do you like to listen to? What’s on your iPod?
　　问：您喜欢听什么音乐呢？您的Ipod里面都有什么歌？
　　A. A real variety. I like world music. I like folk music. I like oldies, I like opera. I like classical music in all of its genres. I really like contemporary classical music. I’m always listening for new sounds, new effects. I’m really interested in expanding my repertoire both in listening and in playing, because it’s developing my brain and it’s developing my world, and learning what music people like teaches me a lot about them.
　　答：我喜欢的音乐种类太多了。流行音乐、民间音乐、老歌、歌剧，我都喜欢。我还喜欢各种风格的古典音乐，尤其是当代的古典乐。我经常为了获得新的声音和新的效果去听音乐。我对在聆听和演奏两方面扩大我的看家本领都很感兴趣，因为这样能够促进我的大脑开发，拓展我的世界。通过了解一个人喜欢哪种音乐，我能知道很多关于这个人的信息。