被动语态练习题(英语语法专练—被动语态) 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的结构 主语+助动词be +动词过去分词(+ by+动作执行者)。动词过去分词的变化分为规则变化(-ed)和不规则变化(需特殊记忆)。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致,具体变化如下: 1.一般现在时: 肯定句:主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者) 否定句:主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者) 一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者)?Yes, 主语 be.(肯定回答)No, 主语 be not.(否定回答) 2.一般过去时: 肯定句:主语+was/were+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者) 否定句:主语+wasn’t/weren’t+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者) 一般疑问句:Was/Were主语+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者)? Yes, 主语 was/were.(肯定回答)No,主语 wasn’t/weren’t.(否定回答) 3.一般将来时: 肯定句:主语+be going to/will be+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者) 否定句:主语+be not going to/will not be+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者) 一般疑问句:Be/Will主语+ going to/be+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者)? Yes,主语 be/will.(肯定回答) No,主语 be not/won’t.(否定回答) 4.含有情态动词的被动语态: 肯定句:主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者) 否定句:主语+情态动词 not+be+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者) 一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+动词过去分词(by+动作执行者)? 二、被动语态的用法 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。如:Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. 2.当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。如:This kind of bike isn’t sold in our shop. 三、主动语态和被动语态间的转换 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.谓语动词变为"be+动词过去分词",并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后(by 短语有时可以省略)。如:Many old people still love this song.(改为被动语态) This song is still loved by many old people. 四、主动语态变被动语态应注意的特例 1.含有双宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,有两种方法: (1)将间接宾语(人)变为主语,直接宾语(物)保持不变。 (2)将直接宾语(物)变为主语,间接宾语(人)用介词to或for引导。如:The teacher told us a story.(改为被动语态) We were told a story (by the teacher)./A story was told to us by the teacher. Mum bought me a new coat.(改为被动语态)I was bought a new coat (by mum)./ A new coat was bought for me (by mum). 2.不及物动词没有被动语态,但某些不及物动词加上介词或副词后,就变成了及物动词短语,可以变为被动语态,但是要把这个短语看成是一个整体,不能分开,介词或副词不能省略。如:The old should be taken good care of. 3.make,have,see,notice, watch, hear等在主动语态中接省to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变成被动语态时to要加上。如:The boss made them work ten hours a day.(改为被动语态) They were made to work ten hours a day. 五、练习 (一)根据句意,用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.Chinese_____(speak)by the largest number of people. 2.The sports meeting_____(not hold)until next week. 3.Tea_____(bring) to Western countries in the 19th century. 4.The People’s Republic of China_____(found) on October 1, 1949. 5.--Look at the sky! The rain_____(stop). --Let’s go out for a walk. 6.The problem_____(discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 7.Many people_____(influence)by Confucius’s ideas today. 8.These photos can______(put)up on the school website. 9.An email_____(send)to her yesterday evening. 10._____Daming_____(choose)for the team last time? (二)句子翻译(用被动语态完成)。 1.将来书会被网络取代吗? 2.早上8点前,这项工作一定要完成。 3.这个男孩刚刚被看见进教室了。 4.桌子上这本书不是鲁迅写的。 5.我们每天打扫教室两次。 6.放学后允许学生去图书馆。 7.它被认为是最伟大的美国故事之一。 8.学生的作业应该及时上交。 9.上周她给妈妈买了一份生日礼物。 10.你知道我们学校运动会什么时候举行吗? *练习参考答案 (一)1.is spoken 2.isn’t going to be held/won’t he held 3.was brought 4.was founded 5.has stopped 6.is going to be discussed/will be discussed 7.are influenced 8.be put 9.was sent 10.Was chosen (二)1.Will books be replaced by the Internet in the future? 2.The work must be finished before 8 o’clock in the morning. 3.The boy was seen to enter the classroom just now. 4.The book on the desk wasn’t written by Lu Xun. 5.The classroom is cleaned (by us) twice a day. 6.Students are allowed to go to the library after school. 7.It’s thought to be one of the greatest American stories. 8.Students’homework should be handed in in time. 9.A birthday present was bought for her mum(by her) last week./ Her mum was bought a birthday present (by her)last week. 10.Do you know when the sports meeting will be held in our school?